Article 33 : prohibition of expulsion or return (“refoulement”)

1. No Contracting State shall expel or return (“refouler”) a refugee in any manner whatsoever to the frontiers of territories where his life or freedom

would be threatened on account of his race, religion, nationality, membership of a particular social group or political opinion.

2. The benefit of the present provision may not, however, be claimed by a refugee whom there are reasonable grounds for regarding as a danger to the security of the country in which he is, or who, having been convicted by a final judgment of a particularly serious crime, constitutes a danger to the community of that country.

Άρθρο 4: Σημεία εισόδου εξόδου

Σε κάθε πρόσωπο επιτρέπεται να εισέρχεται στο ελληνικό έδαφος και να εξέρχεται από αυτό μόνο από τις ελεγχόμενες μεθοριακές διαβάσεις.

Here one comes up against a paradox. If political regulations or legislation generally speaking define the manner in which we posit, modify and eventually improve the status of foreigners, they also make up a vicious circle, for it is precisely with respect to laws that foreigners exist.  Indeed, without a social group structured about a power base and provided with legislation, that externality represented by the foreigner and most often experienced as unfavorable or at least problematical would simply not exist.

Julia Kristeva, Strangers to ourselves (translated by Leon S. Roudiez)